氮素形态和光照强度对番茄生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以番茄为材料 ,研究了不同氮素形态和光照强度对植株生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响 ,实验表明 ,与供应 NO3 -的植株相比 ,较高光照下供应 NH4 的植株生长受到抑制 ,叶片单位鲜重叶绿素含量明显降低 ,超氧自由基 (O·2 )产生速率、H2 O2 含量、丙二醛 (MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (As A- POD)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶 (DR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶 (GR)等抗氧化酶活性均显著高于供应 NO3 -的植株 ,而在弱光下 ,上述各指标在氮素形态之间均无明显差异 .     

Phosphorus release from vivianite and hydroxyapatite by organic and inorganic compounds

Based on recent mining rates and the exhaustion of global phosphorus(P)reserves,there is a need to mobilize P already stored in soils,and its recovery from secondary resources such as Ca-and Fe-phosphates is important.The Ca-phosphate hydroxyapatite forms a good fertilizer source,while vivianite is formed in waterlogged soils and sediments.During sludge treatment,the formation of vivianite has been identified,being mainly Fe-phosphate.Long-term P release from both hydroxyapatite and vivianite was studied using different inorganic(CaCl2 and CaSO4)and organic(citric and humic acid)reagents during batch experiments.Reagents CaCl2 and CaSO4 represent the soil solution,while citric and humic acids as organic constituents affect P availability in the rhizosphere and during the process of humification.Additionally,the flow-through reactor(FTR)technique with an infinite sink was used to study the long-term P release kinetics.The cumulative P release was higher by organic acids than by inorganic compounds.The cumulative P release rates were higher in the FTR with CaCl2 as compared to the batch technique.The infinite sink application caused a continuously high concentration gradient between the solid and liquid phases,leading to higher desorption rates as compared to the batch technique.The predominant amount of the total P released over time was available for a short term.While inorganic anion exchange occurred at easily available binding sites,organic acids affected the more heavily available binding sites,which could be embedded within the mineral structure.The results showed that organic compounds,especially citric acid,play a superior role as compared to the inorganic constituents of the soil solution during the recovery of already stored P from the tertiary phosphates vivianite and hydroxyapatite.     

猪肺血管紧张素转化酶的提取与纯化

[目的]研究猪肺血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）的提纯方法,为其生产利用提供技术支撑.[方法]以新鲜猪肺组织为试验材料,匀浆离心后经硫酸铵分级沉淀透析,然后采用离子交换-超滤离心联合法对猪肺ACE粗提物进行纯化,测定ACE的分子量、酶活力、纯化倍数及酶活力回收率.[结果]通过离子交换-超滤离心联合法分离纯化猪肺ACE,可得到相对分子量182 kDa、酶比活力1.2476 U/mg的电泳级纯品ACE,其纯化倍数达357.31倍,酶活力回收率达12.28％.ACE催化反应动力学米氏常数（Km）为0.849 mmol/L,最大反应速率（Vmax）为9.775 nmol/min.[结论]采用离子交换-超滤离心联合法纯化猪肺ACE能够极大缩短分离与纯化时间,且获得较高的纯化倍数和酶活力回收率,是猪肺ACE的高效纯化方法.     

有机酸根阴离子对土壤无机磷生物有效性的影响

在黑麦草生长期间,施用柠檬酸钠、草酸钠、酒石酸钠、苹果酸钠等4种有机酸盐,研究不同有机酸根阴离子对黄棕壤和水稻土中不同形态无机磷的活化作用。结果表明:草酸根阴离子活化黄棕壤中总无机磷能力最强,酒石酸根阴离子活化水稻土中总无机磷能力最强。黄棕壤被草酸根阴离子活化的无机磷主要是Ca P和Al P,而水稻土被酒石酸根阴离子活化的无机磷则是Fe P和O P。4种有机酸根阴离子活化黄棕壤中总无机磷能力的大小顺序为草酸根>柠檬酸根>苹果酸根>酒石酸根,活化水稻土总无机磷能力的大小顺序为酒石酸根>柠檬酸根≈草酸根>苹果酸根。同一土壤中同一组分无机磷,不同有机酸对其活化能力不一;不同土壤中同一组分无机磷,同种有机酸对其活化能力也有较大差异。有机酸的施入虽可增加植物的总吸磷量,但增加量并非仅来自于无机磷的释放,很可能是土壤有机磷释放的增加。在大多数情况下施入有机酸钠促进了总无机磷的释放,但各无机磷组分间的消长情况不一。     

华木莲叶黄酮类化合物抗氧化作用

通过邻苯三酚自氧化法,水杨酸比色法分别测定了华木莲叶黄酮类化合物(Sinomanglietia glaulaLeaf F la-vonoids,SLF)清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2.)、羟基自由基(.OH)的效果,及其对H2O2诱导的大鼠血红细胞溶血作用的影响来研究SLF的抗氧化性作用。结果表明:不同浓度的SLF均能显著地清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2.)、羟基自由基(.OH),抑制H2O2对红细胞膜的破坏而引起的溶血,抗氧化性作用随SLF浓度的升高而增强。     

城区空气负氧离子日变化及其与环境、气象因子的相关性研究

[目的]研究城区空气负氧离子的日变化及其与环境、气象因子的相关性.[方法]以浙江省丽水城区为研究地,使用KEC-900负氧离子测试仪连续测试空气负氧离子浓度,并与环境、气象因子进行相关性分析.[结果]城区空气负氧离子浓度日变化呈双峰型,峰值出现在05:00和20:00;负氧离子浓度(Y)与环境因子AQI(置)、PM2.5、PM1、SO2极显著相关,与气象因子的气压(孔)极显著相关;预测模型Y=-0.729 1X1-30.396 3X2 +31 624.92.[结论]该研究可为城市环境建设和居民生活提供科学依据.     

铝胁迫下萹蓄与饭豆根系有机酸分泌特性比较

以蓄和饭豆为试验材料,从对Al胁迫的响应时间、蛋白质合成抑制剂的影响、体内有机酸含量变化及阴离子通道抑制剂的影响等方面,比较研究了Al诱导根系分泌有机酸的差异,以进一步明确铝(Al)诱导植物根系有机酸分泌的过程。结果表明,萹蓄根系在Al胁迫后30.min内分泌出草酸,而Al胁迫至少4.h后饭豆根系才开始分泌柠檬酸;蛋白质合成抑制剂环己亚酰胺(Cycloheximide,CHM)不影响萹蓄根系草酸的分泌,但抑制了84%Al诱导的饭豆根系柠檬酸的分泌,表明前者不需要新蛋白质的诱导合成,却是后者所必需的。Al处理不改变萹蓄根尖草酸的含量,但明显提高了饭豆根尖柠檬酸的含量;阴离子通道抑制剂苯甲酰甲醛(Phenylglyoxal,PG)和蒽-9-羧酸(Anthrancene-9-carboxylic.acid,A-9-C)分别有效抑制Al诱导萹蓄根系草酸的分泌及饭豆根系柠檬酸的分泌,再次证明两者有机酸的分泌是通过某种被Al所诱导或激活的阴离子通道所实现的。     

中国青海湖地区草地蝗虫与土壤的关系

A growth chamber study was conducted to determine the relationships between the supply of soil available nitrogen （N） and sulfur （S） and canola （Brassica napus） and wheat （Triticum aestivum L. ‘Biggar＇） N and S uptake and yield in three Western Canadian soils. The suitability of one-hour burial with an anion exchange membrane （AEM） was assessed for its utility as a quick test of the available N：S balance in the soil. Canola and wheat were grown on a Luvisolic soil low in available S and on Brown and Black Chernozemic soils low in both available N and S, with different rates and combinations of N and S fertilizers applied. AEM burial was used to assess soil available nitrate and sulfate supply rates after fertilization. Dry matter yield and N and S concentrations in plant tissues were determined after 6 weeks of growth. The soil available N：S ratio determined by AEM burial closely reflected the relative supplies of available N and S as revealed in the N：S ratios of plant tissue dry matter. The highest yields were achieved where the available N：S ratio in soil and plant tissue ranged from 5 to 13. Thus, a one-hour burial of an AEM probe in the field may be a useful tool to quickly test if a balanced N and S supply is present in the soil for optimum crop yield.     

甲醇和抗坏血酸对蚕豆相对电导率及某些生理特性的影响

[目的]研究甲醇和抗坏血酸对蚕豆生理特性的影响。[方法]用1.5%甲醇、10mmol/L抗坏血酸(ASA)和自来水(CK)喷洒蚕豆幼苗,测定叶片的呼吸速率、相对电导率、超氧阴离子含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性。[结果]各处理的相对电导率和呼吸速率均增大。甲醇、ASA处理蚕豆叶片的相对电导率、超氧阴离子含量和PPO的活性均低于CK。甲醇处理的相对电导率最小,ASA处理的超氧阴离子含量和PPO活性最小。超氧阴离子的含量与测量时的温度及呼吸速率有关。甲醇处理花开前期出现了呼吸高峰,花开期呼吸速率有所下降但变化平缓,ASA处理蚕豆叶片的呼吸速率始终低于CK。[结论]甲醇和ASA处理蚕豆叶片的相对电导率较小,保持了细胞膜的完整性,抑制了PPO的活性,延缓了蚕豆衰老。     

Bioactive Alkaloids from the Sea: A Review

In our ongoing search for bioactive substances from marine organisms, novel alkaloids have been isolated. Pinnatoxins and pinnamine, potent shellfish poisons, were purified from the Okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata. Pinnatoxins activate Ca²⁺ channels. Halichlorine was isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai. This compound inhibits the induction of VCAM-1. Drugs that block VCAM-1 may be useful for treating coronary artery diseases, angina, and noncardiovascular inflammatory diseases. Pinnaic acids, which are cPLA₂ inhibitors, were also obtained from P. muricata. Interestingly, the structures of pinnaic acids are closely related to that of halichlorine. Norzoanthamine hydrochloride, isolated from the colonial zoanthid Zoanthus sp., suppresses decreases in bone weight and strength in ovariectomized mice, and could be a good candidate for an osteoporotic drug. Ircinamine, purified from the marine sponge Ircinia sp., has a reactive thioester. Aburatubolactams, inhibitors of superoxide anion generation, were isolated from Streptomyces sp. This article covers the bioactive marine alkaloids that have been recently isolated by this research group.